IL-10 (human):Fc (silent) InVivoKine™

Product Description: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a homodimeric cytokine. Its functional form consists of two identical monomers, each composed of approximately 160 amino acids. These monomers are arranged in a noncovalent dimer, stabilized by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. This dimeric structure is essential for IL-10's ability to bind its receptor complex, which includes IL-10 receptor alpha (IL-10R1) and IL-10 receptor beta (IL-10R2), to mediate its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. IL-10 is a cytokine with multiple, pleiotropic, effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 can block NF-kappaB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. IL-10 is an immune suppressive cytokine as it plays an important regulatory role in limiting excessive immune response to inflammation and in protection against autoimmune diseases. Through the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), IL-10 blunts dendritic cell (DC) response to antigen stimulation, thus inhibiting the production of several stimulatory cytokines. IL-10 can enhance the survival of B cells and cytotoxic T cells, aiding in the immune response to certain viral infections. IL-10 also inhibits CD4+ T cells’ proliferation and function, thus contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The IL-10 (human):Fc (silent) InVivoKine™ is produced by using two different vectors, one encoding for the IL-10 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs sequence (synthesizing a protein of 53 kDa) and one encoding for the IL-10 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Holes sequence (synthesizing a protein of 53kDa). Both vectors transfected into HEK293 cells produce both Fc molecules (Knobs-into-Holes technology; J.B. Ridgway, et al.; Protein Eng. 9, 617 (1996)) required for dimerization of the Fc moieties and for secretion of the final protein IL-10 (human):Fc (silent) InVivoKine™. The LALA-PG mutations inhibit binding to FcgammaRs and C1q while FcRn binding and Fc stability remain unaffected. InVivoKines™ are a new generation of recombinant fusion proteins for immunotherapeutic, preclinical and translational in vivo research, developed and manufactured by AdipoGen Life Sciences.

Alternate Names/Synonyms: IL-10 (human):Fc (LALA-PG) Knobs-into-Holes (human) (rec.); Interleukin-10; Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor; CSIF

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